Women who inject drugs accounted for 3% (1,000) of estimated new HIV infections. 32 transmissions per million (10 6) packed red blood cell transfusions (95% CI, 0. Transmission from an infected doctor or dentist to a patient is extremely rare. The CDC estimates that roughly 42,000 people were unknowingly HIV positive at the time The authors concluded that the average male to female risk of HIV transmission is . HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. This 0. (2) In early 1983 official meetings took place and public and private decisions established the blood industry's early Apr 22, 2024 · In 2022, PWID accounted for 7% (2,300) of the 31,800 estimated new HIV infections. The overarching focus was on communicating the evil of Daryll Rowe and the suffering of his victims. of anyone getting HIV this way. 8 million HIV-positive people, more than any other country and roughly one-fifth of all the HIV cases in the world. Latex barriers and medicines to prevent and treat HIV can further reduce the very low risk of getting HIV from oral sex. Occupational HIV transmission is extremely rare. popular among youngsters throughout the world. 1–4 As discussed elsewhere in this issue (see syphilis symposium, pp 309–26) oral sex appears to be important in the resurgence of early infectious syphilis in the United Kingdom. HIV is usually transmitted in the following ways: Sexual contact with an infected person, when the mucous membrane lining the mouth, vagina, penis Sep 28, 2018 · The researchers noted that, while rare, there have been other cases of HIV transmission from adults to children that did not appear to be related to sexual abuse or transmission in pregnancy or If the per-contact risk of oral transmission is 0. The partner's blood tested positive by HIV-1/2/O EIA, and her HIV-1 Western Mar 21, 2019 · CDC updated the Progression and Transmission of HIV (PATH 2. May 9, 2024 · May 9, 2024. However, this escape mechanism has thus far only been observed for epidemic HIV-2 group A, and it Aug 8, 2019 · But, in general, becoming infected with HIV by receiving oral sex is probably a very rare occurrence. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4 + T cells. The risk of getting HIV varies widely depending on the type of exposure or behavior (such as sharing needles or having sex without a condom). Latest provincial health data reveals a record-breaking 237 diagnoses in 2021 — a nearly 30 per cent jump from the 184 cases There are cases in which intense radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer patients has 'cured' their HIV temporarily by killing off their white blood cells completely, but that is an extremely rare scenario and not a therapy you would consider for someone without severe cancer. In one case HIV-1 transmission appears to have occurred via saliva without contamination of blood (case 9). ity with a person known to be infected. On further evaluation, and elimination of cases in which HIV-1 transmission may have occurred through another means, the researchers classified eight cases (7%) as probably due to oral transmission. Jul 20, 2018 · KFF Headquarters: 185 Berry St. The attempted murder charge related to a perceived risk of HIV transmission. Several of the selected studies were published during the 1980s and 1990s prior to the availability of potent . The well-documented risk of female-to-male transmission shows that vaginal fluids and menstrual blood may contain the virus and that exposure to these fluids through mucous membranes (in the vagina or mouth) could, potentially, lead to HIV infection. As part of the investigation of this case, you contacted John Doe (a pseudonym), who was a sex partner of the man who got infected while on PrEP and advised him to get an HIV test. is not a risk for transmission of HIV. HIV and Occupational Exposure. Transmission was in utero for 4 neonates, peripartum for 3 neonates, and unable to be determined for 5 neonates. The first confirmed case of lesbian transmission of H. An additional 150 possible transmissions have also been reported to CDC. was reported on Thursday by federal health officials, who said the event was exceedingly rare but nonetheless advised Jan 5, 2023 · But the likelihood of it happening is rare, as there are only a few documented cases. 74-3. These cases all involved MSM who were giving condomless oral sex to HIV-positive men. Aug 3, 2022 · Mouth-to- penis oral sex is thought to be riskier than mouth-to- vagina oral sex. Sexual activity is the most common way HIV is transmitted. If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease AIDS The only known cases of transmission through pre-chewed food are among infants and involved blood from a caregiver’s mouth mixing with the food before feeding it to the infant. For a cunnilingus (oral sex on a woman) recipient, the chance of HIV May 27, 2022 · Saskatchewan's HIV numbers remain the highest in the country. HIV targets the body’s white blood cells, weakening the immune system. The country has the world’s largest ART program, with 68% of people HIV receiving ART in 2021 and 93% of those patients achieving viral load suppression. HIV transmission through Tattooing is not a common mode of transmission. Mar 13, 2014 · A 46-year-old woman in Texas likely acquired HIV from her female partner in what health officials say is a rare case of female-to-female transmission of the virus. Her Multispot test was reactive to HIV-1 only, and she had an HIV-1 viral load of 23,600 copies/mL. Apr 25, 2024 · Abstract. There is no documented case of transmission from a person with HIV spitting on another person. In 2014, an HIV-positive teacher was charged with rape and attempted murder after allegedly raping a student. HIV can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, both vaginal and anal. There are numerous reports of bites that did not result in HIV infection. A 26 year old man without any Apr 29, 2024 · Despite expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa, HIV-1 transmission persists. 65 transmissions/10 6 Jul 13, 2023 · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body’s immune system. I want to emphasize that, while rare, acquiring HIV infection orally is possible and that many other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis are transmitted orally,” added Shafer. during 2014–2018 for the first time in 2 decades, and multiple HIV outbreaks have been detected among people who inject drugs since 2015. HIV transmitted through cosmetic injection services via contaminated blood has not been previously documented. Oct 22, 2010 · The report stated that based on 2007-2008 data, the risk for acquiring HIV infection through blood transfusion today is estimated conservatively to be one case in 1. Plasma HIV RNA testing is important for such One case of HIV transmission was reported after a percutaneous exposure to bloody pleural fluid obtained by needle aspiration(12A). Sexually transmitted infections increase the risk of infection while male circumcision lowers it. Jul 26, 2015 · During fellatio (oral sex on a man), HIV could theoretically enter the recipient's body through the opening on the tip of the penis or through an open cut or lesion on the penis. Viral load in saliva parallels that in plasma, but is usually 1–2 log lower than in matched plasma samples. Although HIV-seronegative HIV infections are rare, AIDS should be considered in immunodeficient patients with opportunistic infections, even if the test results are HIV-seronegative. Vaginal sex is the next riskiest form of sex, especially HIV Risk Behaviors. These also appear to be the first reports of one adult family member infecting another that involve a source patient with unrecognised HIV infection. The small number of documented cases have involved severe bite trauma with extensive tissue damage and the presence of blood. The well-documented risk of female-to-male transmission shows that vaginal fluids and menstrual blood may contain the virus and that exposure to these fluids through mucous membranes (in the vagina or mouth) could potentially lead to HIV infection. 1– Reference Joyce, Kuhar and Brooks 6 The risk of acquiring HIV infection from a nongenital mucosal Case reports of transmission of HIV between 2 AFAB people are rare. (1) Through the end of 1982, people were struggling to understand an emerging disease and characterize the risk of infection. Med Case Rep Vol. 65 per 100 live births to HIV-infected women). 07 - . Sep 28, 2018 · "Although this type of father-to-son HIV transmission event is rare, it is important that the general public realize that HIV is present in most bodily fluids and can be transmitted in atypical and unexpected ways," says Thomas Hope, PhD, editor-in-chief of AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses and professor of cell and molecular biology at The HIV. In this case, the envelope glycoprotein (gp41) was recruited as an alternative tetherin antagonist (Le Tortorec and Neil 2009). Photo by Jack Boland Aug 29, 2003 · Two similarly unusual but unconnected cases of HIV transmission within two Australian families are reported in the September 5th issue of AIDS, providing a sobering reminder that HIV can occasionally be acquired by surprising routes. According to the CDC, the risk of transmission for receptive penile-vaginal sex is 8 per 10,000 exposures. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) and long-acting injectables offer potential for superior This rare transmission has only occurred through contact between broken skin, wounds, or mucous membranes and blood or body fluids from a person who has HIV. Case reports of female-to-female transmission of HIV are rare. Feb 1, 2012 · The degree of risk that premastication poses for pediatric HIV transmission and the prevalence of this behavior among HIV-infected caregivers is unknown. Aug 17, 2023 · Sexual Transmission. I. No cases of HIV transmission have been reported among female partners giving condomless oral sex. Thus, on transmission to humans, SIVsmm had to overcome the same hurdle of a cytoplasmic tail deleted human tetherin. Feb 2, 2000 · Of all the cases, researchers determined that 20 were potentially acquired through oral sex. Jan 1, 2017 · Abstract. transmission rates by step along the HIV care continuum, population risk group, and age group ( 9 ). The risk of transmission from a needlestick involving HIV-containing blood has been estimated at 0. There are no known cases in the U. Mar 3, 2014 · On September 10, 2012, the newly infected woman tested positive for HIV by HIV-1/2/O EIA, and her HIV-1 Western blot was positive for all bands. 8:330. View a timeline of the current Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. 5 million procedures. Mar 29, 2023 · The reckless transmission of HIV and herpes has been found to be capable of amounting to the reckless infliction of grievous bodily harm: see the cases of R v Dica [2004] EWCA Crim 1103 and R v Golding [2014] EWCA Crim 889 respectively. Some exposures to HIV carry a much higher risk of transmission than other exposures. Key points. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of the disease. HIV is the cause of the spectrum of disease known as HIV/AIDS. The partner’s blood tested positive by HIV-1/2/O EIA, and her HIV-1 Western blot was positive for Jul 25, 2018 · Description of the possibility of HIV transmission was limited to acts most often at issue in criminal cases. These epidemiologic trends pose a significant concern for achieving goals of the federal initiative for Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U. It is well established that oral sex may lead to the transmission of a wide variety of STIs, including HIV. 3 HIV also can be acquired through donated blood products or organ or tissue transplants, but this is rare today because of testing of the blood supply and organ and Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1, colored green, budding from a cultured lymphocyte. According to the case report, the source of the infection was a man in his 40s who donated whole blood No case of HIV transmission has been traced to the coughing or sneezing of an infected person or to a mosquito bite. The possibility of HIV transmission during a single, specific act was positioned along a continuum of risk, noting that the possibility of HIV transmission varies according to a range of intersecting factors including viral load, condom The 159 countries of the world, more than half of which have reported AIDS cases, appear to fall into three categories in regard to AIDS and HIV infection. Whereas aseptic procedures used to obtain these fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes protect health-care workers from skin exposures, they cannot prevent penetrating injuries due to contaminated needles or Sep 2, 2020 · News coverage of Daryll Rowe, the only person to be convicted of intentional HIV transmission in the UK, accentuated stigma around HIV, according to an analysis by Professors Rusi Jaspal and Brigitte Nerlich, published in the journal Health. This is the second reported case in China of an HIV-seronegative AIDS patient. None of the infants were breastfed. All eight cases were men who reported that they Anal sex is the form of sex most likely to spread HIV. The residual risk of HIV transfusion transmission through components sourced from first-time donors was estimated at 0. During summer 2018, the New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH) was notified of a diagnosis of HIV infection in a woman with no known HIV risk factors who reported exposure to needles from cosmetic platelet-rich plasma microneedling facials (vampire facials) received at a Mar 14, 2014 · Phylogenetic Analyses. 93 cases/10 5 PY (95% CI, −1. These cases often attract a disproportionate amount of media attention – often using highly sensationalised headlines. * These HIV transmissions had known linkage based on epidemiological information such as partner studies, mother-to-child transmission, pairs identified by contact tracing, and criminal cases. If an infant perinatally exposed to HIV has a negative PCR result for Aug 14, 2001 · case reports exist of infections acquired through oral contact. 29-0. However, there are several factors that may risk transmission during oral sex, including bleeding gums, oral ulcers and Jul 6, 2020 · Diagnoses of HIV among people who inject drugs have increased in the U. Jun 14, 2016 · It also reduces the transmission of any pathogen to the patient from hands of the doctor or the nurse while performing a medical procedure. iv o Biting is not an established route of HIV transmission. The first category is made up of developed or relatively developed countries in which the distribution of AIDS and HIV infection resembles the demographic situation in the United States, although the number of reported cases is far fewer Mar 13, 2014 · The case of two women in Texas offers the strongest evidence to date of HIV transmission between women. For insertive Feb 15, 2022 · Transmission of HIV that is resistant to Apretude’s antiretroviral class, Landovitz said, is “vanishingly rare. 08% per vaginal sex act (which, in a large study, would mean approximately 7-8 cases of transmission for every 10,000 acts of unprotected vaginal sex) if there was no receptive anal intercourse, the HIV-positive person was asymptomatic, and there were no Saliva does not contain enough HIV to transmit the virus and unbroken skin is an effective barrier to the virus. HIV Law, Travel & Migration Select from a topic below Health Equity Matters acknowledges and pays respect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as traditional custodians of the land on which we work. One was HIV-positive and had not Mar 13, 2014 · A rare case of suspected HIV transmission from one woman to another was reported Thursday by US health authorities. A young male patient without known risk factors for HIV (patient A) was diagnosed with acute HIV infection 12 days after being discharged from the hospital. T attooing becomes fashion and. HIV can easily pass through the mucus membranes in the genitals and the rectum, or may pass through cuts and sores. Other STIs, like herpes or gonorrhea, can still be transmitted to the person receiving oral sex. The risk of female-to-female sexual transmission is extremely rare, with only a handful of reported cases. However, having vaginal fluid or ejaculate in the mouth increases the risk. Jun 4, 2023 · The timing of HIV transmission is determined based on whether HIV is identified in infant blood by a molecular test in the first 48 h of life; in the case of a positive PCR result at birth, transmission is assumed to have occurred prior to delivery (in utero transmission) . Oral sex involves using the mouth to stimulate the penis (fellatio), vagina (cunnilingus Jul 26, 2020 · Whether HIV transmission may also occur via saliva only remains speculative, but appears to be possible. Nov 28, 2023 · Deep, open-mouth kissing: Transmission in this way is very rare, the number of new HIV cases in the United States has decreased by more than two-thirds since the mid-1980s. Mar 15, 2021 · HIV may be transmitted both anally and vaginally during sexual intercourse. 28,29 Global data show that the probability of HIV transmission from a health care worker to a patient is extremely rare and varies depending on the source from ~2. Because of the potential for contact with blood during “French” or open-mouth kissing, CDC recommends against engaging in this acti. The risk appears to be higher if you have cuts or sores in your mouth. Citation: Trujillo G (2023) HIV Transmission through Organ Transplantation: A Rare Case Report. “HIV infection through receptive oral sex is a very rare event Mar 12, 2018 · So documented cases of PrEP failure are very rare, but they can happen. ” So he said that drug resistance cannot explain breakthrough infections among Mar 14, 2014 · March 14, 2014. The risk of getting HIV through giving oral sex (that is, your mouth on a partner's genitals) is low compared with unprotected vaginal or anal sex, but there is some risk. Jun 4, 2021 · Physicians in these metros led the medical response, treating illnesses, providing epidemiologists with valuable insights, and saving tissue samples to be tested in subsequent years. 09%. Description HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4+T cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections. 1997); what is more remarkable is the consistency in the timing of appearance of viral and host markers of infection (Fig. gov Timeline reflects the history of the domestic HIV/AIDS epidemic from the first reported cases in 1981 to the present—where advances in HIV prevention, care, and treatment offer hope for a long, healthy life to people who are living with, or at risk for, HIV and AIDS. You’re especially at risk when you are the receiver ( penis put into your rectum). IE 11 is not supported. Exposure to saliva uncontaminated with blood is considered to be a rare mode of HIV transmission for at least five reasons: 1) saliva inhibits HIV-1 infectivity (4 ); 2) HIV is infrequently isolated from saliva (5); 3) none of the approximately 500,000 cases of AIDS reported to CDC have been attributed to exposure to saliva; 4) levels of HIV However, given the country's large population, this percentage amounts to 7. Mutually exclusive population risk groups included 1) men who have sex with men (MSM), 2) persons who inject drugs (men and women), 3) MSM who inject Mar 13, 2014 · A 46-year-old woman in Texas likely acquired HIV from her female partner in what health officials say is a rare case of female-to-female transmission of the virus. Dec 4, 1993 · One case involves a pair of boys in New Jersey, whose ages were given only as between 2 and 5. For some exposures, while transmission is biologically possible, the risk is so low that it is not Feb 23, 2012 · Indian scientists and AIDS prevention groups looking for a way to prevent transmission of the deadly HIV from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy are stumped by the rare case of an Sep 10, 2020 · In male first-time donors, the incidence difference was 0. Jul 10, 2021 · By virtue of HIV’s dynamic nature and multiple transmission modalities, it is crucial to establish the likely route of infection if the pandemic is to be fully understood. This makes it easier to get sick with diseases like tuberculosis, infections and some cancers. In 2015, an HIV-positive man was charged with rape and attempted murder after he raped his former Dec 14, 2020 · Background HIV is known to increase the likelihood of reactivation of latent tuberculosis to active TB disease; however, its impact on tuberculosis infectiousness and consequent transmission is unclear, particularly in low-incidence settings. The itchiness you feel after a mosquito bite is a type of mild allergic reaction. However, the risk of acquiring There is little to no risk of getting or transmitting HIV from oral sex. On September 10, 2012, the newly infected woman tested positive for HIV by HIV-1/2/O EIA, and her HIV-1 Western blot was positive for all bands. Many of these latter cases have been in HIV positive individuals and it is likely that co-infection with There are well-documented examples of HIV-1 antibody seroconversion as late as 6 mo or more after an exposure event but such cases are rare (Ridzon et al. The other involves two teen-age brothers who are hemophiliacs. 04%, HIV might be passed on in one in 2500 acts of oral sex between serodiscordant people. Mar 4, 2024 · HIV is not transmitted by saliva, sweat, spit, urine or faeces. 3,5 It should be noted that the percutaneous risk estimate represents an average of several different types of exposures from patients in The events marking the emergence of HIV in the United States and its transmission through blood and blood products are best understood in four periods. If the HIV-positive partner is taking antiretroviral treatment and has a Nov 21, 2002 · No cases of HIV transmission through unprotected receptive oral sex were found by researchers at UCSF’s Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS) in a new study. Men who inject drugs accounted for 4% (1,300) of estimated new HIV infections. Mar 31, 2020 · Investigators now report a rare case of HIV transmission in 2017 between two hospitalized patients, based on sequence analysis and epidemiologic clues. Using condoms and other barrier methods can help prevent the May 25, 2022 · In a popularly referenced 1989 study, researchers suggested that the risk of acquiring HIV from a single needlestick injury involving HIV-contaminated blood was around 0. In the small handful of cases in which HIV transmission was reported and attributed to a bite as the likely source, severe trauma with extensive tissue (ie, skin) damage and blood were present. 9 No. 3%, and the average risk for transmission after a mucous membrane exposure is estimated to be 0. Only 58 cases of confirmed occupational HIV transmission to health care personnel have been reported in the United States. cannot transmit HIV. 58 cases/10 5 PY). S. Investigators identified the first association between cosmetic procedures and HIV transmission after examining health practices at a spa in New Mexico, highlighting the need for proper infection Mar 13, 2014 · In the current case, the two women reported sexual practices that could have transmitted the virus. Methods National surveillance data from England, Wales and Northern Ireland on tuberculosis cases in adults from 2010 to 2014, strain typed using 24 Mar 18, 2014 · “The first confirmed case of lesbian transmission of HIV was reported on Thursday by federal health officials, who said the event was exceedingly rare but nonetheless advised lesbian couples in or disinfected between clients. 2 Mar 31, 2017 · The researchers identified 12 cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission among 1,857 liveborn neonates (prevalence, 0. To protect the boys' privacy, the Criminal cases in Australia involving HIV transmission or exposure are rare. The chance of being infected with HIV from No case of HIV transmission has been traced to the coughing or sneezing of an infected person or to a mosquito bite. There have been fewer than 50 prosecutions since 1991 among more than 31,000 Australians ever diagnosed with HIV. iii o There are no documented cases of HIV transmission caused by contact with vomit, urine or feces. Busting HIV Transmission Myths. Jul 10, 2024 · To the Editor—Reports of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission resulting directly from a conjunctival blood splash are extraordinarily rare and are limited by an inability to exclude other exposures and an absence of any phylogenetics, linking the source and recipient’s viruses. Estimated HIV infections among people who inject drugs in the US. Therefore, this case represents a very rare occurrence. However, the reviews of transmission probability upon which this calculation is based date predominantly from the 1980s and 1990s, before the wide-scale introduction of antiretroviral therapy. HIV is not transmitted by deep-kissing, or from body rubbing or contact with fluid like bkood or semen in on skin. Tattoos and Body Piercings. 04% level of risk (one in 2500 exposures) is approximately 20 times lower than the estimated risk for receptive anal sex, but is only half the risk estimated for receptive vaginal sex with a partner Sep 22, 2021 · Below are some extremely rare ways in which HIV can be spread from one person to another: Oral sex: the chances of HIV transmission when an HIV-negative person performs or receives oral sex from an HIV-positive person are low. 4–24 per million medical procedures. , Suite 2000, San Francisco, CA 94107 | Phone 650-854-9400 Washington Offices and Barbara Jordan Conference Center: 1330 G Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005 | Phone Oct 20, 2022 · Evans Rubara, left, was found by Ontario’s Court of Appeal to have a rare condition that naturally suppresses HIV in his body and makes transmission near impossible. By December 1981, there were 337 reported cases of severe immune deficiency. Tears may contain HIV but this is unlikely to be a practical route of transmission. Methods: During December 2009 to February 2010, we conducted a case-control investigation of late-diagnosed HIV infection in children at 6 HIV clinics using in-person and telephone interviews. Other STDs and hepatitis can be transmitted during oral sex. 1) despite the different cells and tissues that are involved in the The case was appealed but the conviction was upheld. Aug 23, 2023 · The risk of HIV transmission through oral sex is very low. HIV-positive women who identify as lesbian may have acquired HIV through injecting drug use or sex with men. Such cases are also rare worldwide. The study looked at men who have sex with men and who exclusively practice oral sex as the receptive partner. Though rare, it's a reminder that the virus can spread during various forms of intimacy. We show that the resulting phylogeny inferred from real HIV genetic sequences indeed reveals distinct patterns associated with direct transmission contra Apr 23, 2018 · Of the 13 studies selected, 11 were case reports and two were case series detailing HIV transmission, or absence of HIV transmission, following a biting episode. We report an accidental yet rare case of HIV transmission from a 24-year-old woman of African descent to her 78-year-old grandmother. The 46-year-old woman "likely acquired" human immunodeficiency virus while in a If HIV is not fully suppressed by effective treatment, vaginal intercourse without condoms is a high-risk route of sexual HIV transmission for both the man and the woman. HIV is usually transmitted in the following ways: Sexual contact with an infected person, when the mucous membrane lining the mouth, vagina, penis Oct 1, 2018 · The researchers noted that, while rare, there have been other cases of HIV transmission from adults to children that did not appear to be related to sexual abuse or transmission in pregnancy or Feb 23, 2024 · Oral sex of all kinds carries a low risk of HIV transmission, but it is theoretically possible. That figure has remained largely stuck in the consciousness of public health authorities, despite growing Occupational HIV transmission is extremely rare. 23%, or just over one in 500. Syringe services programs are cost Apr 18, 2014 · The average risk for transmission after a percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is estimated to be 0. 32 percent, or roughly three cases out of every 1,000 injuries. Although very rare, HIV can also be transmitted through oral sex. HIV is not spread by air or by insects. V. You cannot acquire HIV by having any kind of sex, including oral sex, with a person living with HIV Jan 11, 2021 · But in rare cases, mosquito bites can also cause severe allergic reactions. Transmission is possible through sharing of sex toys and exposure to blood during sex. In 2018, unsterile cosmetic procedures, including microneedling, performed at a spa in New Mexico led to a cluster of HIV infections. "Although rare, HIV transmission between [women who have sex with women] can occur," the report Case reports of female-to-female transmission of HIV are rare. 0) model to estimate 2016 U. But the risk is still much lower than with other types of intercourse. KissingCasual contact through closed-mouth or “social” kissin. There were no reported cases of HIV transmission attributable to spitting. Vaginal fluids and menstrual blood may carry the virus and exposure to these fluids through mucous membranes (in the vagina or mouth) could potentially lead to HIV infection. uw wo zj pn jm nz tr qk dn bk