FOCL — best CBD cream for muscle pain. Pain Relief. Half of them admit experiencing severe back pain at least once a year. CBDistillery's CBDefine Cream doubles as skin cream as well as the pain relieving power of normal CBD. Lidocaine patch has a very wide safety CBD relieves lower back pain by targeting the inflammation response and the nervous system. 7-oz bottle. CBD stands for cannabidiol, a compound found in cannabis plants (but unlike THC, another compound, it does NOT make you high). CBD may also reduce the CBD Cream For Pain & CBD Lotion - Premium Quality Hemp. The CANBACK trial randomised 100 emergency department patients with acute non-traumatic low back pain to either 400 mg oral CBD Dec 11, 2020 · Cheef Botanicals CBD Relief Salve. 10:1 – A high CBD alternative for people who find the 5:1 ratio to be too intoxicating. With a revitalizing citrus scent, it’s perfect to warm up your muscles before a workout or ease sore joints at the end of a long day! May 25, 2023 · A quick look at 8 of the best CBD products for back spasms. Give you the best CBD Hemp topical pain creams with Arnica for relief from achy arthritis joints, sore muscles & more. Best CBD Roll-On for Back Pain: Neurogan Full Spectrum CBD Freeze Roll On. However, the price may be less sweet. Unit. 3 days ago · Back pain is a common experience, affecting 39% of U. Feb 6, 2024 · Applying Topical CBD for Inflammation. Jan 23, 2024 · The CBD Pain cream is fragrance and odor-free. CBD gummies work for back pain relief by delivering cannabidiol, a compound known to interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which helps regulate pain and inflammation. Beyond the research, anyone looking to benefit from the use of CBD for back pain has to appreciate circumstances that can affect their success with the supplement, like Description. 4. Many athletes uses this products to help them to relieve their muscle pain such as Lower Back Pain. CBD vapes: ~56%. Best Value: Aspercreme Pain Relief Cream. Both are formulated with a unique blend of antioxidant-rich ingredients, such as Organic Aloe Vera, Organic Argan Oil and Organic Rosemary Leaf Extract, to Jan 24, 2024 · Find out the best CBD creams for back pain relief. Apr 26, 2024 · Cornbread Hemp® — best CBD cream post-workout. Best CBD Cream for Back Pain: Green Roads Pain Relief CBD Cream. adults in 2019, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Back, Lower Limb, and Upper Limb Pain Among U. The patch contains two active ingredients Lidocaine 2% w/w and CBD 10mg CBD per one CBD patch. ⚡️ 710 Day Sale: Get 40% OFF storewide for a limited time w/ code: 710DAY. Populum- Cold Therapy Hemp Rub. May 5, 2023 · A randomized trial of topical CBD for osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis found that CBD was no more effective than placebo. Oct 23, 2023 · Equilibria Relief Balm. Reduce muscular tightness and discomfort. 3 Reviews. Reduce inflammation. Price: $59. Pain from low back muscle spasms as well as radiating pain Aug 1, 2023 · Hot and cold therapy. It may promote bone healing after fractures and increase bone density. At $59. Price: $40 –$120. A small tear in the disc's outer part can occur due to aging. While these findings are intriguing, caution must be exercised when extrapolating Neuropathy Warming 5000mg. CBD is generally derived from hemp, a Aug 5, 2022 · Common uses for medical marijuana include treatment of epilepsy, sleep disorders, anxiety disorders, and pain (including back, neck, and chronic pain). 65% Lidocaine and 1. Dec 17, 2021 · When you want that pain to go away and never come back another day, this CBDfx Cream may be able to help. Best full-spectrum cooling cream Jun 7, 2024 · Cornbread Hemp Full Spectrum CBD Gummies. There are numerous benefits of CBD oil: Relieves arthritis pain. 13-ounce (oz) bottle. Say goodbye to chronic aches and pains with Sombra® Warm Pain Relief! Our alcohol-free, non-greasy formula is great for relieving sore muscles and joints. Its thick and creamy texture, combined with the calming scent of lavender, ensures a soothing application. $40 to $70. He endorsed approximately 10 hours of pain reduction to a 1/10 or 2/10. 00 ($2. Nov 17, 2023 · Does CBD Help with Sciatica Pain? Mayo Clinic defines sciatica as a painful sensation that radiates from the sciatic nerve, which occurs in the lower back and the buttocks, and down each leg. Apr 21, 2023 · CBD patch: CBD patches provide a continuous dose of pain-relieving CBD directly to the painful area in your lower back. One of the largest reviews examined the health effects of cannabis and CBD, and Based on previous customer feedback, we recommend four different CBD creams and gels for lower back pain: a 5000mg CBD cooling cream, a 5000mg muscle joint gel, a 10,000mg unscented cream for those with severe pain, and a 20,000mg unscented cream for extreme cases. Best stick: Lazarus Naturals Relief + Recovery Full Spectrum CBD Aug 18, 2020 · The evidence says CBD can interfere with low back pain, directly and indirectly, by improving inflammation, pain, sleep, and the cognitive issues that accompany chronic cases. The roll-on formula may Jul 10, 2024 · 1. Aug 16, 2021 · A cream might not be top of your list when looking for a powerful tool to relieve your back pain. In most cases, back pain can stem from nerve damage or other nerve related issues. Best with lidocaine: Uber Numb, 5% Lidocaine Topical Numbing Cream, $17. Nordic Nutris — best CBD lotion for inflammation and dry skin. Adults Jun 25, 2024 · MNT's review. SEE ALL. Best CBD Gummies for Back and Muscle Pain: Neurogan Full Spectrum CBD Gummy Squares. The roll-on allows a person to apply topical CBD directly to painful joints. . Mg stands for milligram and is how CBD is measured as a volume in products. Using CBD cream can provide effective pain relief for a variety of conditions. CBD oil is the ingredient that is the basis for each CBD product, and can be made into gel, oil, cream, lotion and balm, all of which can be applied to the skin where it is absorbed. Total CBD Content: 1500 MG, 6000 MG. Back & Neck Pain Relief Ointment. 99 from Extract Labs. Dec 30, 2021 · CBD Gummies Help Back Pain, Too. To get the most benefit from your cannabis topical cream or balm, ensure you prepare your skin correctly. Aspen Green Relief Organic Full Spectrum CBD Oil. PlusCBD Oil – Strongest CBD Oil. Gummies include up to 50mg of CBD and 2mg of THC per serving. Best for Common Uses for our CBD (Isolate) Oil – Pain Cream. Apr 7, 2023 · Benefits of CBD Oil. $29. Most CB receptors are actually located in the nervous system. CBD type: isolate. Plus it’s creamy and pretty odorless. 99 for only 750 mg of CBD, these might be on the pricey side for CBD products. More than 30 million Americans suffer from back pain. $ 69. Best for Fibromyalgia Pain: Topricin Fibro Cream. However, there is no strong scientific evidence to support this and Jun 29, 2024 · Quick look at the best CBD gummies for pain relief. " - Cheryl D. Two of Original Sombra ®Warm Pain ReliefArthritis & Back Pain. 6. It comes with a hefty dose of 2000 mg total CBD. The bioavailability of CBD is 50-70% when you use a rectal suppository, compared to a bioavailability of 10-15% orally and +-30% when smoking. CBD suppositories for rectal use may be of help. Can be intoxicating. FREE shipping. Use code “healthline” for 20% off sitewide or choose the Dec 6, 2023 · Will melt in heat or direct sunlight. 3% of THC, the active compound that gets people high. Apply the rich benefits of CBD directly to the areas of pain and discomfort where they are needed most and where they can begin working Aug 16, 2023 · Best CBD Products for Back Pain: Top 10 Brands for 2024. One tube of Pain CBD cream costs $85. Works to provide natural support for exercise recovery. Applying a warm compress or heating pad to the back or having a warm bath may help increase blood flow and ease back pain. Small, short-term or survey-based studies suggest that CBD is potentially helpful for arthritis pain, but these are far from convincing. 7 mg of CBD. Hence, stop using the product and talk to your doctor in case of allergic reactions. 00. Lab+Blends Professional CBD Massage Cream combines 408 mg of Hemp-Derived CBD with active ingredients and powerful pain fighters of 1. Jan 12, 2022 · Best for back pain: Charlotte’s Web CBDMedic Muscle and Joint Pain Relief Spray. Most Skin-Nourishing CBD Cream: CBDistillery CBDol Topical CBD Balm. Best for muscle pain: Vertly Relief Lotion. Back & Neck Pain Relief CBD Cream – CBDMEDIC. Expensive. Formulated to help you manage Mar 18, 2024 · Our Top CBD Oils for Pain. Best for May 31, 2024 · Best for acute pain: Extract Labs CBD Muscle Cream | Skip to review. Price: $35. This cooling roll-on product contains 2,000 mg of CBD per 1. Best The biggest and most important things I did to get my back pain manageable was to get my weight down from fat to fit, and get in shape and exercise daily. Best for foot pain: Aspen Green Muscle Relief Cooling Cream. Best for athletes: Voltaren, Arthritis Pain Gel, $19. So you need less CBD for the same effect. S. Jun 21, 2022 · Two case reports from 2020 suggest that topical CBD may be an effective treatment in decreasing inflammation and blocking pain in the recovery of back injury as well as relieving nerve pain Feb 12, 2024 · Here's what we've actually seen play out in studies: This small study from 2020 5 found that people who used a topical CBD felt relief from nerve-related pain and itchiness. 36 S. More recently, people have sought out May 5, 2023 · A randomized trial of topical CBD for osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis found that CBD was no more effective than placebo. It sticks to your skin for up to 12 hours, releasing a small, steady stream of CBD and Feb 4, 2020 · Applied to the skin, CBD creams and oils may also help relieve pain. “Applying topical Oct 23, 2023 · Beyond their potential therapeutic benefits, MedTerra's Max Relief gummies are tasty thanks to the all-natural citrus flavors, making your CBD routine a little bit sweeter. CBD is a chemical found in marijuana. Reduce joint and muscle pain. However, further research is needed to determine CBD 's other benefits and safety. CBD cream is a chemical compound in industrial hemp plants cultivated for fiber and marijuana plants. 33 Mg/ml. CBD Isolates are considered helpful as a means to tackle soreness and provide substantive relief to a number of other pain-related Sep 14, 2022 · CBD, short for cannabidiol, is an active compound found in the cannabis plant. Of note, the patients in this case series used the same CBD cream: Baskin Essentials Body Wellness Cream (400 mg CBD per two oz. Reduces inflammation. Applying CBD topically may provide potential therapeutic relief for people with inflammation and pain, according to a study in Molecules. Reviewers say the salve is effective for pain, smells nice, and doesn’t leave a sticky residue. Best Full-Size Body Lotion: Green Gorilla CBD Body Lotion. With 1500 mg CBD, Spruce Strongest Cream is so much Jan 17, 2024 · Our Top Arthritis Creams. Mar 19, 2020 · Those animal studies demonstrate some promising results, however. Our understanding of the role of CBD in pain management continues to evolve, and evidence from animal studies has shown that CBD exerts its pain-relieving effects through its various interactions and Learn about the symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention tips for spinal stenosis, a condition that can cause debilitating pain and impair mobility. Fastest-Acting CBD Cream Jul 27, 2022 · Mary’s Medicinals 1:1 CBD:THC Patch. With 1,000 milligrams of broad-spectrum CBD per container, this cruelty-free formula KOs Feb 8, 2021 · CBD also prevents the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide, which allows it to linger in the body for longer. CBD will not get you high but may cause some drowsiness for some people. As there are few clinical trials for CBD, the issue of what strength CBD to use isn Sep 25, 2023 · This CBD balm is available for $12 for a 16 g stick containing 800 mg of CBD, or $42 for a 72 g stick containing 3,600 mg of CBD. Select options. A disc injury, such as a tear or herniation, can cause low-back and hip pain. CBD potency: 500 mg per 1. Green Roads- CBD Muscle & Joint Roll-On Cold/Heat Relief. CBD works for me, taken orally throughout the day around 200mg at minimum, sometimes more added by dry herb vape if I have severe issues. CBD topicals can be made using a variety of different formulations and may be lotion-based or oil based. R&R Full Spectrum CBD Pain Cream: full-spectrum: $55 to $130 Feb 13, 2021 · Answer: Cannabidiol, even in high dosages, is generally safe. 🤕 Best CBD creams for pain. Inside Extract Lab’s full-spectrum Muscle Cream is 2,000 mg of CBD and 100 mg of THC. Royal CBD – Best Full Spectrum CBD Oil for Back Pain. "Love this pain cream! Helps general aches and pains. Relieve muscle soreness. Some pain may not be treatable by CBD alone, but it can help when Jul 1, 2024 · CBD for Back Pain - July 2024. After a bath or shower is the ideal time to apply cannabis topicals. Aspen Green — best manufacturing practices in a CBD cream for pain. With 1500 mg of CBD in its formulation, this cream offers a potent, all-natural solution for pain management. This CBD balm stick contains full-spectrum hemp extract Jun 25, 2021 · Buyers Checklist for CBD Creams. Available for $89. Green Roads – Runner Up. Since sciatica typically affects one side of the body, it can be confused with back pain, leg pain, or hip pain. So, I would highly recommended the Best CBD Oil of Calmby Wellness Co CBD that may help you to relieve the pain. or 4 interest-free payments of $7. The CBD patches CBD concentration can range from 1% CBD up to 9%. Jun 9, 2023 · Photo: Extract Labs. 1. Medterra CBD — best CBD cream for back pain. CBD capsules and edibles: 5-15%. Patches can be worn for several days and may help relieve several types of Nov 8, 2023 · Best CBD Oil for Back Pain: Top 10 Brands for 2023. Cannabidiol or CBD interacts with the body’s cannabinoid receptors to produce pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory benefits that may help manage pain(1). It's thicker and creamier, it feels more like a lotion. I am on computer all day and it really helps my carpal tunnel and trigger finger. This endocannabinoid—also known as the “bliss molecule”—displays pain-killing and anti-inflammatory effects that might play a role in disc healing. CBD Relief Salve comes in regular strength (500 mg of CBD) and maximum strength (1,000 mg of CBD). This cream is a little different than the others. Only one formula is available. No chemicals, preservatives or fake wellness. Check Price. Best CBD cooling formula for back spasms: CBDfx Muscle & Joint – Cooling Formula. With anti-inflammatory properties, research has shown CBD to be highly effective at easing chronic back pain. CBD doesn't contain tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient found in marijuana that produces a high. A 2019 study in rats 6 found that CBD was helpful in reducing pain from nerve injuries and minimizing pain-related anxiety. Not only is your skin clean, but warm water helps to open the pores on your skin. Potential to Reduce Inflammation. Rated 5 out of 5. →. 99 USD. For CBD oil, its best to start low and go slow when building up over a number of week to find your optimum dosage for arthritis pain. Gold Bee is the best pick if you’re looking for the strongest CBD cream for back pain. Five CBD Full Spectrum Oct 23, 2023 · Beyond their potential therapeutic benefits, MedTerra's Max Relief gummies are tasty thanks to the all-natural citrus flavors, making your CBD routine a little bit sweeter. Best Cooling Cream: CBDfx CBD Cream For Muscle And Joint: Cooling Formula May 21, 2024 · CBD skin cream may help with pain, inflammation, and other skin conditions. The CBD in most products is extracted from hemp, a variety of cannabis. 83 per serving). full spectrum CBD. Strength: 500mg/oz. Best balm: Lazarus Naturals Relief + Recovery Full Spectrum CBD Balm Stick | Skip to review. Although CBD creams are fantastic for providing fast-acting pain relief, some manufacturers develop products that cut corners for quick profits instead of making Sep 23, 2020 · CBD is emerging as a promising pharmaceutical agent to treat pain, inflammation, seizures, and anxiety without the psychoactive effects of THC. Clean and Exfoliate Skin. Nov 8, 2023 · Ongoing research suggests CBD oil for pain can aid medical conditions, including arthritis and fibromyalgia, at varying doses. Two case reports from 2020 7 found significant Jun 11, 2024 · Best Tube Applicator: Lazarus Naturals CBD Skin Repair Cream. 2:1, 4:1, 5:1 – A balanced product that can provide optimized levels of both CBD and THC for medicinal use, based on the fact that higher doses of CBD are often needed for relief. Ease arthritis-related discomfort with our joint ointment, crafted to relieve minor aches and pains naturally. Oct 6, 2023 · Disc Injury. Oct 8, 2023 · Topical CBD such as a CBD Cream or CBD Balm are best used for pain when at least 1000mg or higher to give the best chance of success. View production process. Cheef Botanicals’ products are vegan, organic, and reasonably priced. Best Overall: CBDfx CBD Balm Stick Muscle and Joint. Dec 6, 2022 · A prescription cannabidiol (CBD) oil is considered an effective anti-seizure medication. Provide pre-workout benefits for athletes. It is used to relieve the pain associated with minor skin irritations, sunburn and rashes. 34. Relieves chronic pain. Just simple selections, proven ingredients and products you can trust. Find relief with the topical benefits of broad spectrum CBD! $ 29. Jun 16, 2022 · Spruce Strongest CBD Cream is ideal for people suffering from chronic pain, including back pain, hip pain, headaches, arthritic pain, and more. Jan 12, 2022 · Best for back pain: Charlotte’s Web CBDMedic Muscle and Joint Pain Relief Spray. You might develop a herniated disc from lifting, bending, or twisting. I hope your husband finds relief. "We tried this last year after my mother broke her Dec 20, 2023 · BATCH CBD Cream stands out as the best overall option for back pain relief. The CBD in the gummies may help reduce inflammation and alter pain signals, potentially easing back pain. With each quarter-sized amount, you will receive 66. 💎 Take 55% OFF all THCA dabs, including crumble, wax, diamonds, and more! SHOP ALL. Jul 10, 2024 · 1. If this occurs, you may experience severe pain lasting for weeks or months. Another pain relief treatment from Mary’s is this scentless patch. Best CBD warming cream for back spasms: CBDistillery CBD also helps treat conditions like anxiety, depression, fibromyalgia, and stress. Rock Positano June 26, 2024 Wellness 2500mg CBD Pain Cream. It's best used for those who also suffer from dry skin. Best broad-spectrum: CBDfx Mixed Berry CBD Gummies | Skip to review. 50 USD with. CBD use has been shown to be protective against disc degeneration, spinal cord injury, arthritic pain, and post-surgical pain. However, if you consume too much too quickly, you might experience some side effects like headaches, mood swings, diarrhea and nausea. ) Conclusion: Hemp-derived CBD in a transd … Jul 30, 2023 · Best for chronic pain: Topricin, Pain Relief Therapy Cream, $18. 25% Menthol for advanced pain management. Aug 15, 2023 · Summary of the Best CBD Products for Back Pain. Researchers of a 2020 study suggested that CBD transdermal creams may provide pain relief for acute and chronic back pain(2). 99. In a 2019 study of 29 patients with peripheral neuropathy, published in the journal Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , researchers found CBD oil containing 250 milligrams of CBD per three ounces significantly reduced intense and sharp pain and cold and itchy sensations Cannabis Doctors Australia patient Tom Bailey suffers from chronic lower back pain and claims the CBD oil has made a significant difference to his symptoms over the last two and a half years. While these are all symptoms of sciatica Jun 25, 2021 · Buyers Checklist for CBD Creams. CBD cream is used to treat particular areas of injury or pain. I apply every night at bedtime and sometimes in the morning. Designed for all skin types, it's an ideal choice for A ROLE for cannabidiol (CBD) in pain relief is yet to be supported by high quality studies, with new Australian research finding it is no better than placebo as an adjunct medication for relieving acute low back pain. Improves sleep. Movement and stretching and proper weght is critical. For example, if you consume 15 mg of CBD in oral drops, you’re going to end up with 4–6 times the amount of CBD in your body than you would with a capsule containing the same concentration. Jul 12, 2021 · The three products featured are: Nanocraft- Cooling CBD Sports Cream. CBDfx – Best Variety. Gold Bee – Best Organic CBD Oil for Back Pain. Applying a cold compress helps lessen pain and May 20, 2024 · A quick look at the best CBD creams and products for arthritis pain. View all CBD Cream for Back Pain. Jul 1, 2024 · CBDistillery CBD Warming Cream. Showing 1–12 of 15 results. Jul 1, 2024 · You can choose between a lower potency 1,000 mg per 2-oz jar or 2,000 mg per 4-oz jar, or a higher potency 4,000 mg per 4-oz jar. It can also be caused by excess inflammation in the body. Begin with a small amount of CBD cream and gently massage it into the affected area. Reduces muscle spasms. Massage may offer short-term benefits for lower back pain. Best foot cream: Soul CBD Rapid Relief Cream | Skip to review. 5000mg CBD Pain Cream. CBD Oil drops: 20-30%. This balm contains 100% natural ingredients, such as arnica, turmeric, CBD, menthol, and ginger, offering a holistic approach to reducing Oct 26, 2020 · Lidocaine is a local anesthetic, which belongs to the group of medicines called as amide type anesthetics. CBD has been shown to work as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic. cbdMD – Good Value. 89 – $ 419. Unlike other compounds like THC, CBD does not produce mind-altering impacts. Charlotte’s Web – Most Popular Brand. ⓘ. Buy high quality Naturecan CBD Balms, including muscle balms, joint balms, arnica cream and many more. One of the largest reviews examined the health effects of cannabis and CBD, and Sep 14, 2022 · The power of CBD can be harnessed through oral doses that have a systemic impact on the body, but for localized discomforts many people turn to CBD topicals, like CBD cream for back pain. Best Lidocaine-Powered Formula: Aspercreme Pain Relief Cream With Lidocaine CBD suppositories for rectal use may be of help. Together, this creates a super-strong formula that is perfect for reducing inflammation, lowering pain levels, and even helping with sleep at night. Apply directly to target areas to temporarily alleviate joint pain and stiffness, helping you stay active and on the move 800mg Relief Broad Spectrum CBD Cream. He applied a small amount of cream over the affected area. Feb 25, 2020 · Always start low, go slow, to avoid intoxicating effects. Try massage. May 1, 2020 · Unsuccessfully treated conservatively with acetaminophen and NSAIDs, he started using CBD cream topically on his lower back and reported a pain reduction of 1-2/10 for about 10 hours. With so much CBD per container, it’s also one of the best CBD creams for pain that you can find in that price range. Prevents or reduces Apr 12, 2021 · Home » All CBD » CBD Topicals » CBD Cream » Back & Neck Pain Relief CBD Cream – CBDMEDIC. Canna River Full Spectrum CBD Classic Tincture (3,000 milligrams) Batch CBD Gold Reserve Blend. Tasty Hemp Oil – Best Flavor. Some people may be sensitive to specific added ingredients in the R&R CBD Pain cream. Jun 22, 2023 · CBD topicals: <1%. Best organic: Cornbread Hemp Full-Spectrum CBD Gummies | Skip to review Nov 3, 2023 · No low-strength products. CBD topicals (creams & salves) can provide fast and effective relief from pain and inflammation that you may be experiencing. 10 H. But this is no ordinary cream! Mission Farms’ Relieve cream is packed with 900mg of full-spectrum CBD. Free delivery available to Australia on orders over $150. As of this week low dose cannabidiol - or CBD oil - is now available over the counter in Australian pharmacies for the first time without a prescription. 2. Joy Organics — best broad-spectrum CBD cream. 8 (12+) from CBDistillery. 20 M. Broad-spectrum CBD Oral drops may also be beneficial for treating back pain. back. Although CBD creams are fantastic for providing fast-acting pain relief, some manufacturers develop products that cut corners for quick profits instead of making CBD appears to have antisnociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on opioid-naive patients with neuro-pathic and radicular pain. Jun 22, 2021 · CBD may help to reduce pain by acting on a variety of biological processes in the body. Follow these steps to safely use CBD cream for pain relief: Consult with your healthcare provider to ensure that CBD cream is suitable for your specific pain condition. Here, we pick the best CBD lotions, balms, and salves for arthritis, acne, pain, and more. 0 Reviews. Legally, CBD products may have up to 0. Jun 27, 2024 · Some research suggests that CBD can ease inflammation and results show CBD as a promising anti-inflammatory treatment. Cannabis sativa contains more than 400 different chemical compounds. Jan 10, 2022 · Strength: 8. Since CBD interacts with the ECS, it gently, yet Apr 8, 2024 · Although its concentration per serving isn't as high as the Neurogan 6000 mg option, high due to the larger bottle size (120 mL), it provides a cost-effective, longer-lasting supply for back pain management, maintaining its status as a trusted brand. ad fo uz qe ds oe gm dc an qp